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27. Application Exercise: Version 9

We return to version 7 of the application exercise, and instead of the client and web server exchanging JSON strings, they will now exchange XML.

The architecture remains the same:

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27.1. The web server

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The [http-servers/04] folder is created by copying the [http-servers/02] folder, with the exception of the [utilities] subfolder. Then the following elements are changed:

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The [config] file is modified as follows:


    # dépendances absolues
    absolute_dependencies = [
        # dossiers du projet
        # BaseEntity, MyException
        f"{root_dir}/classes/02/entities",
        # InterfaceImpôtsDao, InterfaceImpôtsMétier, InterfaceImpôtsUi
        f"{root_dir}/impots/v04/interfaces",
        # AbstractImpôtsdao, ImpôtsConsole, ImpôtsMétier
        f"{root_dir}/impots/v04/services",
        # ImpotsDaoWithAdminDataInDatabase
        f"{root_dir}/impots/v05/services",
        # AdminData, ImpôtsError, TaxPayer
        f"{root_dir}/impots/v04/entities",
        # Constantes, tranches
        f"{root_dir}/impots/v05/entities",
        # index_controller
        f"{root_dir}/impots/http-servers/01/controllers",
        # scripts [config_database, config_layers]
        script_dir,
        # Logger, SendAdminMail
        f"{root_dir}/impots/http-servers/02/utilities",
    ]
  • line 21: specify the directory for the utilities that remain in [http-servers/02];

The main script [main] changes as follows:

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#  Home URL
@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
@auth.login_required
def index():
    logger = None
    try:
        #  logger
        logger = Logger(config["logsFilename"])
        #  we store it in a config associated with the thread
        thread_config = {"logger": logger}
        thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
        config[thread_name] = {"config": thread_config}
        #  log the request
        logger.write(f"[index] requête : {request}\n")
        …
        #  the request is executed by a controller
        résultat, status_code = index_controller.execute(request, config)
        #  was there a fatal error?
        …
        #  we log the answer
        logger.write(f"[index] {résultat}\n")
        #  we send the answer
        return xml_response(résultat, status_code)
    except BaseException as erreur:
        #  log the error if possible
        if logger:
            logger.write(f"[index] {erreur}")
        #  we prepare the response to the customer
        résultat = {"réponse": {"erreurs": [f"{erreur}"]}}
        #  we send the answer
        return xml_response(résultat, status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
    finally:
        #  close the log file if it has been opened
        if logger:
            logger.close()
  • The only change is on line 23: we now send an XML response;

The [xml_response] function is defined in the [myutils] module:

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import xmltodict
…
def xml_response(résultat: dict, status_code: int) -> tuple:
    #  result: the dictionary to be transformed into the XML string
    xmlString = xmltodict.unparse(résultat)
    #  we return the answer HTTP
    response = make_response(xmlString)
    response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/xml; charset=utf-8'
    return response, status_code
  • Line 3: The [xml_response] function takes as parameters:
    • the [result] dictionary to be converted to XML;
    • the status code [status_code] to be returned to the web client;
  • line 5: we use the [xmltodict] library to generate the XML string;
  • line 8: we use the [Content-Type] header to tell the client that we are sending XML;

The [xml_response] function must be imported into the [__init__.py] script:


from .myutils import set_syspath, json_response, decode_flask_session, xml_response

Then the [myutils] module must be included in the machine-wide modules. This is done in a PyCharm terminal using the [pip install .] command (in the packages folder).

27.2. The web client

27.2.1. The code

The [http-clients/04] folder is created by copying the [http-clients/02] client. Then we modify the [ImpôtsDaoWithHttpClient] class as follows:

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#  imports

import requests
import xmltodict
from flask_api import status

from AbstractImpôtsDao import AbstractImpôtsDao
from AdminData import AdminData
from ImpôtsError import ImpôtsError
from InterfaceImpôtsMétier import InterfaceImpôtsMétier
from TaxPayer import TaxPayer


class ImpôtsDaoWithHttpClient(AbstractImpôtsDao, InterfaceImpôtsMétier):

    #  manufacturer
    def __init__(self, config: dict):
        …

    #  unused method
    def get_admindata(self) -> AdminData:
        pass

    #  tAX CALCULATION
    def calculate_tax(self, taxpayer: TaxPayer, admindata: AdminData = None):
        ….
        #  response status code HTTP
        status_code = response.status_code
        #  we put the response XML in a dictionary
        résultat = xmltodict.parse(response.text[39:])
        #  error if status code other than 200 OK
        ….
  • Line 30: The HTTP response [response] from the web server is now an XML string. The logs show its format: 

2020-07-27 15:53:47.886283, Thread-2 : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<réponse><result><marié>non</marié><enfants>2</enfants><salaire>100000</salaire><impôt>19884</impôt><surcôte>4480</surcôte><taux>0.41</taux><décôte>0</décôte><réduction>0</réduction></result></réponse>

The string [<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>] is 38 characters long. Furthermore, if we look at the log file with a hex editor, we see that after this string there is a newline character \n. Then comes the response <response>…</response>. The XML string we need to convert therefore begins after the first 39 characters of the XML string. It starts at character #39, with the first character numbered 0. This string is obtained using the expression [response.text[39:]].

If we run the client (follow the procedure from the previous examples), we get the same results in the [results.json] file as in the previous versions. The logs are as follows:


2020-07-27 16:21:14.015941, Thread-1 : début du thread [Thread-1] avec 2 contribuable(s)
2020-07-27 16:21:14.016940, Thread-1 : début du calcul de l'impôt de {"id": 1, "marié": "oui", "enfants": 2, "salaire": 55555}
2020-07-27 16:21:14.016940, Thread-2 : début du thread [Thread-2] avec 3 contribuable(s)
2020-07-27 16:21:14.018939, Thread-2 : début du calcul de l'impôt de {"id": 3, "marié": "oui", "enfants": 3, "salaire": 50000}
2020-07-27 16:21:14.019979, Thread-3 : début du thread [Thread-3] avec 3 contribuable(s)
2020-07-27 16:21:14.019979, Thread-3 : début du calcul de l'impôt de {"id": 6, "marié": "oui", "enfants": 3, "salaire": 100000}
2020-07-27 16:21:14.021938, Thread-4 : début du thread [Thread-4] avec 2 contribuable(s)
2020-07-27 16:21:14.021938, Thread-4 : début du calcul de l'impôt de {"id": 9, "marié": "oui", "enfants": 2, "salaire": 30000}
2020-07-27 16:21:14.021938, Thread-5 : début du thread [Thread-5] avec 1 contribuable(s)
2020-07-27 16:21:14.022939, Thread-5 : début du calcul de l'impôt de {"id": 11, "marié": "oui", "enfants": 3, "salaire": 200000}
2020-07-27 16:21:14.031942, Thread-1 : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<réponse><result><marié>oui</marié><enfants>2</enfants><salaire>55555</salaire><impôt>2814</impôt><surcôte>0</surcôte><taux>0.14</taux><décôte>0</décôte><réduction>0</réduction></result></réponse>
2020-07-27 16:21:14.031942, Thread-1 : fin du calcul de l'impôt de {"id": 1, "marié": "oui", "enfants": 2, "salaire": 55555, "impôt": 2814, "surcôte": 0, "taux": 0.14, "décôte": 0, "réduction": 0}
2020-07-27 16:21:14.031942, Thread-1 : début du calcul de l'impôt de {"id": 2, "marié": "oui", "enfants": 2, "salaire": 50000}
2020-07-27 16:21:14.034941, Thread-4 : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<réponse><result><marié>oui</marié><enfants>2</enfants><salaire>30000</salaire><impôt>0</impôt><surcôte>0</surcôte><taux>0.0</taux><décôte>0</décôte><réduction>0</réduction></result></réponse>
…
2020-07-27 16:21:17.055931, Thread-3 : fin du thread [Thread-3]
2020-07-27 16:21:17.059930, Thread-2 : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<réponse><result><marié>non</marié><enfants>3</enfants><salaire>100000</salaire><impôt>16782</impôt><surcôte>7176</surcôte><taux>0.41</taux><décôte>0</décôte><réduction>0</réduction></result></réponse>
2020-07-27 16:21:17.060971, Thread-2 : fin du calcul de l'impôt de {"id": 5, "marié": "non", "enfants": 3, "salaire": 100000, "impôt": 16782, "surcôte": 7176, "taux": 0.41, "décôte": 0, "réduction": 0}
2020-07-27 16:21:17.060971, Thread-2 : fin du thread [Thread-2]

On the server side, the logs are as follows:


2020-07-27 16:32:04.983020, Thread-46 : [index] requête : <Request 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/?marié=oui&enfants=2&salaire=50000' [GET]>
2020-07-27 16:32:04.983020, Thread-46 : [index] mis en pause du thread pendant 1 seconde(s)
2020-07-27 16:32:04.984021, Thread-47 : [index] requête : <Request 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/?marié=oui&enfants=2&salaire=55555' [GET]>
2020-07-27 16:32:04.984021, Thread-47 : [index] mis en pause du thread pendant 1 seconde(s)
…
2020-07-27 16:32:07.001271, Thread-56 : [index] mis en pause du thread pendant 1 seconde(s)
2020-07-27 16:32:07.003078, Thread-54 : [index] {'réponse': {'result': {'marié': 'oui', 'enfants': 5, 'salaire': 100000, 'impôt': 4230, 'surcôte': 0, 'taux': 0.14, 'décôte': 0, 'réduction': 0}}}
2020-07-27 16:32:07.006078, Thread-55 : [index] {'réponse': {'result': {'marié': 'oui', 'enfants': 3, 'salaire': 200000, 'impôt': 42842, 'surcôte': 17283, 'taux': 0.41, 'décôte': 0, 'réduction': 0}}}
2020-07-27 16:32:08.002824, Thread-56 : [index] {'réponse': {'result': {'marié': 'non', 'enfants': 2, 'salaire': 100000, 'impôt': 19884, 'surcôte': 4480, 'taux': 0.41, 'décôte': 0, 'réduction': 0}}}
  • The logger continues to write the response dictionary rather than the XML string sent to the client. This is not an error and is intentional;

27.2.2. Testing the client's [DAO] layer

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The test class [TestHttpClientDao] is the same as in |version 7| and yields the same results.

https://stahe.github.io
This tutorial written by Serge Tahé is made available to the public under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – ShareAlike 3.0 Unported.