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8. [TD]:[业务]层

关键词:多层架构、Spring、依赖注入。

8.1. 支持

 

[support / chap-08] 文件夹中包含本章的 Eclipse 项目。

8.2. Maven 配置

  

[elections-metier-dao-jdbc] 项目将基于 [elections-dao-jdbc-01] 项目。我们将把后者的 JAR 文件安装到本地 Maven 仓库中:

 

完成上述操作后,Eclipse 项目 [elections-metier-dao-jdbc] 的 Maven 配置如下:

  

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>istia.st.elections</groupId>
    <artifactId>elections-metier-dao-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.7.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
        <!-- DAO -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>istia.st.elections</groupId>
            <artifactId>elections-dao-jdbc-01</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot Test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <!-- plugins -->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>config.AppConfig</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- to install the project artifact in the local Maven repository -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.18.1</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
  • 第 21–25 行:对 [elections-jdbc-01] 项目 JAR 的依赖。将这些行直接复制到您要导入的项目的 [pom.xml] 文件中:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>istia.st.elections</groupId>
    <artifactId>elections-dao-jdbc-01</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
...
  • 第 26–37 行:测试所需的依赖项。尽管它们已存在于 [elections-jdbc-01] 项目的 [pom.xml] 文件中,但我们必须在此处包含它们,因为它们的 [<scope>test</scope>] 属性意味着它们未被包含在放置于本地 Maven 仓库的 JAR 文件中;

8.3. Spring 配置

  

package elections.metier.config;
 
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

@Import({ elections.dao.config.AppConfig.class })
@EnableCaching
@ComponentScan(basePackages = { "elections.metier.service" })
public class MetierConfig {
}
  • 第 7 行:我们导入了 [DAO] 层中定义的所有 Bean;
  • 第 8 行:我们启用缓存。我们没有重新定义 [CacheManager] Bean,因为它已经在 [DAO] 层中定义了;
  • 第 9 行:[business] 层在 [elections.business.service] 包中定义了新的 Bean;

8.4. [ IElectionsMetier] 接口

  

[业务]层将采用第4.2节中介绍的接口。以下是相关说明:


public interface IElectionsMetier {
 
    public ListeElectorale[] getListesElectorales();
 
    public int getNbSiegesAPourvoir();
 
    public double getSeuilElectoral();
 
    public void recordResultats(ListeElectorale[] listesElectorales);
 
    public ListeElectorale[] calculerSieges(ListeElectorale[] listesElectorales);
 
}

8.5. 实现类 [ ElectionsMetier]

  

该类实现了 [IElectionsMetier] 接口。拟议的实现将具有以下结构:


package elections.metier.service;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import elections.dao.entities.ListeElectorale;
import elections.dao.service.IElectionsDao;
 
@Component
public class ElectionsMetier implements IElectionsMetier {
 
    // the access point to the [dao] layer instantiated by [Spring]
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    @Autowired
    private IElectionsDao electionsDao;

    // calculation of seats obtained
  @Override
    public ListeElectorale[] calculerSieges(ListeElectorale[] listesElectorales) {
        throw new RuntimeException("[calculerSieges] not yet implemented");
    }
 
    // competing lists
  @Override
    public ListeElectorale[] getListesElectorales() {
        throw new RuntimeException("[getListesElectorales] not yet implemented");
    }
 
    // saving results
  @Override
    public void recordResultats(ListeElectorale[] listesElectorales) {
        throw new RuntimeException("[recordResultats] not yet implemented");
    }
 
    // number of seats to be filled
    @Override
    public int getNbSiegesAPourvoir() {
        throw new RuntimeException("[getNbSiegesAPourvoir] not yet implemented");
    }
 
    // electoral threshold
    @Override
    public double getSeuilElectoral() {
        throw new RuntimeException("[getSeuilElectoral] not yet implemented");
    }
 
}
  • 第 10 行:[ElectionsMetier] 类是 Spring 组件;
  • 第 11 行:[ElectionsMetier] 类实现了 [IElectionsMetier] 接口;
  • 第 15–16 行:Spring 注入了对 [DAO] 层的引用;
  • 第 37 行和第 44 行:待填补的席位数和选举门槛被缓存;

任务:编写 [ElectionsMetier] 类。请参考现有注释。我们不会尝试捕获(try/catch)从 [DAO] 层传播上来的 [ElectionsException] 异常,而是让它们继续传播到 [UI] 层。由于 [ElectionsException] 类属于未检查异常类型,因此无需使用 try/catch 代码块进行处理。


8.6. 测试类

  

JUnit 测试类将采用以下形式:


package tests;
 
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
 
import dao.config.AppConfig;
import dao.entities.ElectionsException;
import metier.service.IElectionsMetier;
 
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MetierConfig.class)
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class Test01 {
 
    // business] layer
    @Autowired
    static private IElectionsMetier electionsMetier;
 
    /**
     * vérification 1 : méthode de calcul des sièges on fixe en dur les listes
     */
    @Test
    public void calculSieges1() {
        // create a table of the 7 candidate lists (name, vote)
 
        // the seats for each list are calculated
 
        // we check the results (seats, votes, eliminates)
 
        // temporary
        throw new RuntimeException("[calculSieges1] not yet implemented");
    }
 
    /**
     * vérification 2 : méthode de calcul des sièges on demande les listes à la
     * couche [metier] puis on fixe en dur les voix
     */
    @Test
    public void calculSieges2() {
        // the table of 7 candidate lists is retrieved as a base
 
        // the voices are hard-fixed
 
        // the seats obtained by each list are calculated
 
        // we check the results (seats, votes, eliminates)
 
        // temporary
        throw new RuntimeException("[calculSieges2] not yet implemented");
    }
 
    /**
     * vérification 3 méthode de calcul des sièges on provoque une exception
     */
    @Test(expected = ElectionsException.class)
    // write a test that causes an exception of type [ElectionsException]
    public void calculSieges3() {
        // create a table of 25 candidate lists, each with 1 vote
        // all 25 lists will have the same number of votes (4%)
 
        // calculation of seats - normally there should be a ElectionsException
        // with an electoral threshold of 5%
 
        // temporary
        throw new RuntimeException("[calculSieges3] not yet implemented");
    }
 
    /**
     * enregistrement des résultats de l'élection
     */
    @Test
    public void ecritureResultatsElections() {
        // create the table of 7 candidate lists
 
        // the voices are hard-fixed
 
        // the seats obtained by each list are calculated
 
        // results are entered into the database
 
        // reread lists in base
 
        // we check the results (seats, votes, eliminates)
 
        // temporary
        throw new RuntimeException("[ecritureResultatsElections] not yet implemented");
    }
}

任务:请参照注释编写四个测试方法。请注意,当这些方法运行时,第 19 行中的 [electionsMetier] 字段已经初始化。请验证 JUnit 测试是否通过。


8.7. 创建 [business] 层归档

与处理 [DAO] 层时一样,我们将 [elections-metier-dao-jdbc] 项目归档文件放入本地 Maven 仓库:

 

注意:如果您的 Eclipse 项目关联的是 JRE(Java 运行时环境)而非 JDK(Java 开发工具包),此操作可能会失败。要检查这一点,请按照第 3.1 节中的说明进行操作。如果您发现项目关联的是 JRE 而不是 JDK,请按照该节中的说明将项目关联到 JDK。

8.8. 结论

让我们回顾一下正在构建的 [Elections] 应用程序的总体架构:

我们已经构建了[业务]层和[DAO]层。接下来我们将构建[UI]层。针对这一层,我们将提出两种实现方案:

  • 一种“控制台”实现方案
  • 图形用户界面方案